CMAS

Established in 1959, the World Underwater Federation has grown to include more than 130 federations across five continents.

Beyond its role in coordinating global underwater sporting events, this organization plays a leading role in advancing technical and scientific research and development in the field. Notably, it is closely linked to the development of one of the most ancient and comprehensive dive training systems in existence.

Fin swimming refers to the propulsion achieved by swimmers using either a mono-fin or two fins, either on the water’s surface or underwater. Importantly, this movement relies solely on the muscular strength of the swimmers, without the utilization of any external mechanisms, including muscle-powered aids.

Underwater hockey was originally conceived by the British Navy in the 1950s to maintain the physical fitness of their divers and enhance their underwater mobility and effectiveness. The sport quickly made its way to Australia and has since transformed into a high-speed and dynamic game, now enjoyed in over 20 countries. Underwater hockey is typically played in a pool measuring 25 meters by 15 meters with depths ranging from 2 to 4 meters.

The term “apnea,” sometimes spelled “apnoea,” refers to the deliberate cessation of breathing. In the context of water sports, it specifically relates to intentionally holding one’s breath while keeping the face submerged beneath the water’s surface. The broader category of underwater sports often employs the term “free-diving” to encompass all aquatic activities that involve breath-holding.

Common recreational free-diving activities include snorkeling, spearfishing (non-competitive underwater hunting), and underwater photography, among others. Competitive free diving encompasses various apnea competition disciplines, such as underwater rugby, underwater hockey, underwater target shooting, competitive spearfishing, and apnea fin swimming. Additionally, there are disciplines not governed by CMAS, like synchronized swimming. While “apnea” and “free-diving” are often used interchangeably, “free-diving” is typically reserved for activities in open water.